Landfill gas-to-energy is a process that captures methane gas produced by the decomposition of organic waste in landfills and converts it into a usable form of energy. Landfills naturally generate methane as organic materials like food waste, paper, and yard debris decompose anaerotically (without oxygen). This methane is a potent greenhouse gas, significantly more effective at trapping heat in the atmosphere than carbon dioxide. By collecting this gas through a network of wells and pipes installed in the landfill, we can mitigate its environmental impact. The collected gas is primarily composed of methane (CH₄) and carbon dioxide (CO₂), with small amounts of other gases.
Once captured, the landfill gas can be treated to remove impurities like moisture, siloxanes, and sulfur compounds, making it suitable for energy production. The most common uses include generating electricity through combustion in engines or turbines, or upgrading the gas to renewable natural gas (RNG) quality for injection into natural gas pipelines. When used for electricity, the energy can power nearby facilities or feed into the grid, reducing reliance on fossil fuels. Upgrading to RNG involves removing CO₂ and other non-methane components, providing a cleaner fuel alternative. This process not only reduces greenhouse gas emissions but also turns waste into a resource, offering both environmental and economic benefits by creating a new revenue stream from what was previously considered waste.
